Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It arises from basal cells, which are found in the outermost layer of the skin. BCC typically develops on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck, and arms, but it can occur anywhere on the body. This cancer grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body, making it less dangerous than other skin cancers. However, if left untreated, BCC can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues.
Characteristics
- Ulceration: BCC may develop an open sore that does not heal or heals and then returns.
- Appearance: BCC often appears as a pearly or waxy bump, usually with visible blood vessels. It can also present as a flat, flesh-colored, or brown scar-like lesion.
- Color: The tumor may be white, pink, or skin-colored, and sometimes it can appear darker in people with darker skin tones.
- Shape: BCC lesions are typically round or oval and can be slightly raised or flat.
- Texture: The surface may be smooth or have an ulcerated center that bleeds or forms a crust.
- Edges: The edges of the lesion are often rolled, raised, or have a border that looks like a “pearly” rim.
- Size: BCC can vary in size, from very small (less than 1 cm) to several centimeters in diameter if left untreated.
- Bleeding: The lesion can bleed easily, especially after minor injury or friction.
Diagnosis
A skin biopsy can be done to diagnose basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Your provider can perform this procedure during your visit.
Treatment
Treatment options for basal cell carcinoma are diverse and depend on the size, depth, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health.
- Excision: This is a surgical procedure that your doctor often can perform during a visit.
- Curettage and electrodesiccation
- Cryosurgery: Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze cancer cells, causing the cells to die.
- Medicated creams
Outcome
The prognosis for basal cell carcinoma is generally excellent, especially when detected and treated early. The cure rate for primary BCC is over 95% with appropriate treatment. Recurrences can happen, particularly with larger or more aggressive tumors, so regular follow-up with a skin specialist is important.
